Chris Greenhalgh: Large Scale Collaborative Virtual Environments, Kartoniert / Broschiert

Inhaltsangabe

1. Introduction.- 1.1. Collaborative Virtual Environments.- 1.2. Issues of Scale.- 1.3. Approach.- 1.4. Thesis Structure and Reading Plan.- 2. CVEs: a Review.- 2.1. CSCW.- 2.2. Multi-user Virtual Reality.- 2.2.1. Scoping Interaction.- 2.2.2. Communication Architecture.- 2.3. Summary.- 3. The Spatial Model of Interaction.- 3.1. Motivations.- 3.2. The Model.- 3.3. Extensions and Developments.- 3.4. Demonstrations and Examples.- 4. MASSIVE-1.- 4.1. User Interface.- 4.1.1. Graphical Client.- 4.1.2. Audio Client.- 4.1.3. Text Medium Client.- 4.2. Tools.- 4.2.1. Message Board.- 4.2.2. Text to Speech Convertor.- 4.2.3. Adapters.- 4.2.4. Summary.- 4.3. Distribution Model.- 4.4. Implementation Overview.- 5. Direct Awareness.- 5.1. Implementation.- 5.1.1. Peer Interface.- 5.1.2. Evaluating Awareness.- 5.1.3. Adapters.- 5.2. In Use.- 5.2.1. Presentation.- 5.2.2. Focus and Nimbus Control.- 5.2.3. Context-Driven Interaction.- 5.2.4. Tool Control.- 5.3. Evaluation.- 5.3.1. Trials.- 5.3.2. Effectiveness.- 5.3.3. Subjective Awareness.- 5.3.4. Navigation and Control.- 5.4. Summary and Conclusions.- 5.4.1. CVEs.- 5.4.2. CSCW.- 5.4.3. The Spatial Model.- 6. Spatial Trading.- 6.1. Implementation.- 6.1.1. Aura Relationship.- 6.1.2. Managing Multiple Spatial Traders.- 6.2. Use.- 6.3. Evaluation.- 6.3.1. User Model.- 6.3.2. Application Model.- 6.3.3. Traffic Model.- 6.3.4. Reflections.- 6.3.5. Spatial Trading.- 6.3.6. Unicast CVEs.- 6.4. Summary and Conclusions.- 6.4.1. Spatial Trading.- 6.4.2. Unicast-Based CVEs.- 6.4.3. Bridge.- 7. Third Party Objects.- 7.1. Theory.- 7.1.1. Effects.- 7.1.2. Activation.- 7.1.3. General Observations.- 7.2. Examples.- 7.3. Exploitability.- 7.4. Summary.- 8. MASSIVE-2.- 8.1. User Interface.- 8.2. Third Party Objects.- 8.3. Distribution Model.- 8.4. Implementation Overview.- 8.4.1. Processes.- 8.4.2. Classes.- 9. Contextualised Awareness.- 9.1. Implementation.- 9.1.1. Focus, Nimbus and Awareness.- 9.1.2. Third Party Objects.- 9.2. Use.- 9.2.1. Poetry.- 9.2.2. The Arena.- 9.2.3. The Panopticon Plaza.- 9.2.4. WWW-3D.- 9.2.5. Other Use.- 9.3. Evaluation.- 9.3.1. Success.- 9.3.2. Visibility and Usability.- 9.3.3. Implementation and Capabilities.- 9.4. Summary.- 10. Awareness Driven Communication.- 10.1. Implementation.- 10.2. Use.- 10.3. Evaluation.- 10.3.1. Application Model.- 10.3.2. User Model.- 10.3.3. Process Behaviour and Communication Protocols.- 10.3.4. Distribution Architecture.- 10.3.5. Overheads.- 10.3.6. Putting It Together.- 10.3.7. Network Traffic Model.- 10.3.8. State and Updates.- 10.3.9. Heartbeat Messages.- 10.3.10. Multicast and Unicast.- 10.3.11. Unit of Replication.- 10.3.12. Accuracy of Replication.- 10.3.13. Replication Overheads.- 10.3.14. Replication Management.- 10.3.15. Abstraction and Secondary Sourcing.- 10.3.16. Examples.- 10.4. Summary and Conclusions.- 11. Conclusions.- 11.1. Summary.- 11.2. Main Contributions.- 11.2.1. Philosophy.- 11.2.2. Theory.- 11.2.3. Realisation.- 11.2.4. Experience.- 11.2.5. Modelling of Use.- 11.3. Reflection.- 11.3.1. Future Work (or What I Didn t Do).- 11.3.2. Personal Reflections.- 11.3.3. The Big Picture.- Appendix A. User Profiling.- A. 1. Data Sources.- A. 1.1. MASSIVE-1 Log Files.- A. 1.2. Network Traffic Data.- A. 2. Movement.- A. 2.1. Time Spent Moving.- A. 2.2. Group World Transitions.- A. 2.3. Returning to Worlds.- A. 3. Audio.- A. 3.1. Network Audio Data.- A. 3.2. Visual Mouth Data.- A. 3.3. Audio Data Conclusions.- Appendix B. Exploitation and Dissemination.- B. 1. Primary Publications.- B. 2. Secondary Publications.- B. 3. Project Input.- References.

Klappentext

Collaborative virtual environments are multi-user virtual realities which actively support communication and co-operation. This book addresses the theory, design, realisation and evaluation of such systems, with a particular emphasis on support for large numbers of distributed users. A broad approach is taken, which ranges from the sociology of interpersonal communication to the management of communication in distributed systems. The emphasis on multi-user environments distinguishes this book from the many general books on virtual reality which only deal with single-user systems. This book presents: models of multi-party awareness and interaction in space-based systems; detailed designs of two prototypes (MASSIVE-1 and MASSIVE-2); experiences with collaborative virtual environments created using these; and analyses of the corresponding network requirements. Many of these results and ideas are applicable to other systems and approaches.